ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:In root canal preparation, the clearance effect of sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation on the smear layer is associated with the contact time and contact area of irrigation fluid, the amount of irrigation fluid, irrigation fluid temperature, irrigation fluid concentration, flushing methods and so on. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clearance effect of 3% sodium hypochlorite on the smear layer of root canal under different flushing methods, flushing temperature and flushing time. METHODS:Totaly 180 isolated front teeth with single root were colected and root canal preparation was conducted using motorized ProTaper. The root canal was flushed with 3% sodium hypochlorite. According to different flushing methods, these root canals were randomly and evenly divided into root canal active flushing group, passive ultrasound swished group and side opening flushing needle group. According to the flushing temperature and the flushing time after replacing a file, each group was randomly divided into six subgroups: 20℃ 30 seconds group, 20℃ 60 seconds group, 37 ℃ 30 se group. The clearance effect on the smear layer of root canal was observed using scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The general clearance effect on the smear layer in the root canal active flushing group was better than that in the passive ultrasound swished group and side opening flush acupuncture group (P< 0.05). At the same time, the clearance effect on the smear layer in the 60℃ group was better that that in the 37 ℃ group and 20℃group (P < 0.05). At a certain temperature, the clearance effect on the smear layer in 60 seconds group was better than that in the 30 seconds group (P < 0.05). The clearance effect on the smear layer in the 1/3 root cap zone was better than that in the 1/3 root and 1/3 apical root zone (P < 0.05). These results show that the best clearance effect on the smear layer can be achieved as folows: 3% sodium hypochlorite irrigation at 60℃ for 60 seconds.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of serum alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) antibody and evaluate its role in its diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis( AIH ). Methods The reactivity between yeast ADH and human anti-ADH serum antibody was tested by Western blot analysis. ELISA was established using yeast ADH. The method was applied in serums of 67 AIH patients,94 primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) patients, 199 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 132 chronic hepatitis(CHC) patients, 24 alcohol hepatitis disease(ALD) patients, 99 connective tissue disease(CTD) patients and 31 healthy individuals. The positive rate of ADH antibody in the patients and healthy individuals was measured. The χ2 test was used to compare the positive rates. Results The ELISA method for detecting human anti-ADH serum antibody was established successfully and the optimum reaction conditions were defined. Western blot showed that yeast ADH has cross reactivity with human anti-ADH antibody. The positive rate of anti-ADH antibody in the AIH group [59. 7% ,40/67 ] was higher than that in the normal control group(0,χ2 = 31. 271 ,P <0. 05), PBC group (6. 4% ,χ2 =54. 492,P <0. 05), CHB group( 14. 1% ,χ2 =54. 848,P <0. 05) ,CHC group(21.2% ,χ2 = 29.269,P<0.05), ALl) group ( 25. 0% ,χ2 =8.512,P <0.05)and CTD group ( 43. 4% ,χ2 =4.229, P <0. 05). Conclusions Compared with the PBC, CHB, CHC, ALD and CTD group, the anti-ADH antibody positive rate in the serums of AIH was significantly increased. The antibody may be helpful to the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis.